PLA Degradation
Technology development of Biodegradable Plastic
Photo-degradable plastics：
Plastics(PP/PE/PS) + Photosensitizer. Solar UV will decompose these plastics, but decomposed residual plastic fragments still leave in the nature. Also, photosensitizer is often toxic and those decomposed fragments may be causing secondary pollution.
Disintegratable plastics：
Plastics(PP/PE/PS) + starch-based materials. With starch-based and fermentation additives, solar UV will decompose these compound plastics into fragmentation, as sand grains. Those plastics sand grains make the environment difficult to clean up, and resulting in more serious secondary pollution.
Bio-degradable plastics：
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, pea starch or microbiota. There is no any of PP/PE/PS/PVC/PET or petroleum-based plastics in them.
The strength haracteristics of PLA
-
100% Bio-Degradable
-
It is compostable with food waste
-
It can be used as agricultural covering film
-
Applicable to traies or bags
-
01
-
Mold Resistance
-
Applicable to fruit bagging
-
Applicable to vegetable/fruit bags
-
02
03
-
Thermo Formability
-
Higher transparence than PE, closed to PET
-
Applicable to transparent packaging or containers
-
Applicable to magazine bags or book covers
-
04
-
Safety
-
Safe for food packaging
-
Safe to directly contact on skin
-
Safe to replace paper food bags
-
05
-
Gas Permeability, Aromas Retention
-
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide or steamed water will pass the film, but aroma compounds will stay
-
PLA isolates odor/aromas
-
Applicable to packaging needing aroma retention use, such as teas
-
06
-
Printability
Other characteristics
-
Applicable to any kinds of plastic processing
-
Extrudering、injection moulding、blow moulding、foaming moulding、vacuum forming
-
low burning temperature as paper's
-
no toxic emissions while burning
-
high ductility
PLA Markets
Global Trends
-
stricter regulation on energy consumption and environment.
-
compliance of RoHS and WEEE.
-
2000 Sydney Olympics started using biodegradable tablewares.
-
More staff dining rooms offers biodegradable tablewares for employees
-
Sony Ericsson announced two new eco-friendly phones.
-
Some EU members banned plastic bags, many cities in the US banned plastic bags.
-
75% of Norway cities uses Mater-B bioplatic bag. Finland, Switzerland, Austria and Spain uses Mater-B bioplastic bag to collect wastes.
-
France, Spain, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, Germany and Japan start working on bioplastic film in farm.
CHINESE
PLA 的分解
塑膠材料可分解技術發展過程
光降解塑膠：
以塑膠(PP PE PS) +光敏促進劑,以日光紫外線碎裂, 但殘留 塑膠仍無法在自然環境中分解，且光敏促進劑有劇毒和碎類物造 成二次汙染
崩解性塑膠：
以塑膠(PP PE PS) +玉米澱粉及生物發酵物以日光紫外線碎裂,形成沙粒狀，回收困難，殘留塑膠仍無法在自然環境中分解，造成更嚴重的二次汙染
生物全分解材料：
以天然高分子或脂肪族之聚酯類為基質如澱粉 纖維蛋白質聚乳酸等製成可完全被生物分解的環保新產品不含任何 (PP PE PS PVC PET)等塑膠材料
PLA 優點特性
-
生物可分解性
-
直接丟棄在廚餘中堆肥
-
可做農業覆蓋膜
-
可應用範圍：生鮮托盤 、 蔬菜水果袋等...
-
-
抗黴性
-
可做水果套袋
-
可作生鮮、蔬菜袋
-
-
高溫成型性
-
可用於包裝需要透明的狀況
-
應用範圍：信封視窗、CD/DVD外包裝
-
-
安全性
-
可以包裝食品
-
可以長期接觸皮膚
-
可以取代紙類食物袋
-
-
氣體通透性 、 氣味阻絕性
-
可讓氧氣、二氧化碳、水蒸氣通過，但阻絕『香氣』的分子通過
-
可將臭味阻絕
-
可保持茶葉、香菇等食品的香味
-
-
可印刷性
其他特性
-
可用所有的塑膠加工法加工
-
押出、射出、吹出、發泡、真空
-
燃燒時的熱量很低
-
與紙類燃燒時的熱量相同
-
燃燒時不會釋放體毒氣體
-
人體內原本含有【乳酸】的單體
-
強的抗拉性及延展性
PLA 的市場
國際趨勢
-
世界環保要求會愈來愈嚴苛。
-
歐盟從2005年元月開始實施ROHS、2006年7月實施WEEE。
-
日本實施總量管制。
-
2000年雪梨冬季奧運指定生物可分解產品。
-
北歐國家、奧地利麥當勞供應生物可分解刀、叉、湯匙、盤子給顧客使用。
-
SONY用聚乳酸生產MP3外殼及重要組件。
-
挪威里耳哈默、日本長冬季奧運採用生物可分解食品容器。
-
挪威約75%城市使用Mater-B生分解袋，芬蘭、瑞士、奧地利、西班牙城市用Mater-B袋收集垃圾。
-
法國、西班牙、義大利、挪威、瑞士、德國、日本等應用生物可分解農業覆蓋膜。
